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AdaNovo: Towards Robust De Novo Peptide Sequencing in Proteomics against Data Biases Jun Xia
Despite the development of several deep learning methods for predicting amino acid sequences (peptides) responsible for generating the observed mass spectra, training data biases hinder further advancements of de novo peptide sequencing. Firstly, prior methods struggle to identify amino acids with Post-Translational Modifications (PTMs) due to their lower frequency in training data compared to canonical amino acids, further resulting in unsatisfactory peptide sequencing performance. Secondly, various noise and missing peaks in mass spectra reduce the reliability of training data (Peptide-Spectrum Matches, PSMs).
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Multi-body SE(3) Equivariance for Unsupervised Rigid Segmentation and Motion Estimation
A truly generalizable approach to rigid segmentation and motion estimation is fundamental to 3D understanding of articulated objects and moving scenes. In view of the closely intertwined relationship between segmentation and motion estimates, we present an SE(3) equivariant architecture and a training strategy to tackle this task in an unsupervised manner. Our architecture is composed of two interconnected, lightweight heads. These heads predict segmentation masks using point-level invariant features and estimate motion from SE(3) equivariant features, all without the need for category information. Our training strategy is unified and can be implemented online, which jointly optimizes the predicted segmentation and motion by leveraging the interrelationships among scene flow, segmentation mask, and rigid transformations. We conduct experiments on four datasets to demonstrate the superiority of our method. The results show that our method excels in both model performance and computational efficiency, with only 0.25M parameters and 0.92G FLOPs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work designed for category-agnostic part-level SE(3) equivariance in dynamic point clouds.
IR-CM: The Fast and General-purpose Image Restoration Method Based on Consistency Model
This paper proposes a fast and general-purpose image restoration method. The key idea is to achieve few-step or even one-step inference by conducting consistency distilling or training on a specific mean-reverting stochastic differential equations. Furthermore, based on this, we propose a novel linear-nonlinear decoupling training strategy, significantly enhancing training effectiveness and surpassing consistency distillation on inference performance. This allows our method to be independent of any pre-trained checkpoint, enabling it to serve as an effective standalone image-to-image transformation model. Finally, to avoid trivial solutions and stabilize model training, we introduce a simple origin-guided loss. To validate the effectiveness of our proposed method, we conducted experiments on tasks including image deraining, denoising, deblurring, and low-light image enhancement. The experiments show that our method achieves highly competitive results with only one-step inference. And with just two-step inference, it can achieve state-of-the-art performance in low-light image enhancement. Furthermore, a number of ablation experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed training strategy.